This study examines the relationships between living arrangements, religiosity, and well-being among Hindu elderly in India, comparing those residing in institutional care facilities with those living in family homes. The research investigates how environmental contexts shape religious expression and spiritual well-being in later life. A comparative cross-sectional design was employed, analyzing data from elderly participants in institutional and home settings. Measures included assessments of religious practices, spiritual well-being, and overall life satisfaction.

Results revealed that while institutional settings constrained certain religious practices, residents demonstrated adaptive religious coping strategies. Surprisingly, both groups reported similar levels of spiritual well-being despite differences in religious autonomy. Institutionalized elderly compensated for restricted traditional practices through enhanced communal spiritual activities and internalized religiosity. The study identified religious continuity as a key protective factor for well-being across both settings. Findings demonstrate the importance of eldercare policies that integrate spiritual care into institutional frameworks. The study challenges assumptions about institutionalization\'s negative impact on spirituality and highlights the resilience of religious identity in later life. Recommendations include developing culturally sensitive spiritual care protocols and training staff to support diverse religious expressions within institutional constraints.